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diff --git a/newlib/libc/libc.texinfo b/newlib/libc/libc.texinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1ca8f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/newlib/libc/libc.texinfo @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ +\input texinfo.tex +@setfilename libc.info +@tex +% NOTE LOCAL KLUGE TO AVOID TOO MUCH WHITESPACE FROM "makedoc" +\global\long\def\example{% +\begingroup +\let\aboveenvbreak=\par +\let\afterenvbreak=\par +\parskip=0pt +\lisp} +\global\long\def\Eexample{% +\Elisp +\endgroup +\vskip -\parskip% to cancel out effect of following \par +} +% END LOCAL WHITESPACE KLUGE +@end tex +@syncodeindex fn cp + +@ifinfo +@format +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* libc:: The ANSI C library. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +@end format +@end ifinfo + +@ifinfo +This file documents the ANSI C library. + +Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Cygnus Support + +@file{libc} includes software developed by the +University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. + +libc includes software developed by Martin Jackson, Graham Haley +and Steve Chamberlain of Tadpole Technology and released to Cygnus. + +libc uses floating point converstion software developed at AT&T, which +includes this copyright information: + + The author of this software is David M. Gay. + + Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T. + + Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any + purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice + is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy + or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting + documentation for such software. + + THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED + WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY + REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY + OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +@ignore +Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the +results, provided the printed document carries copying permission +notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph +(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). + +@end ignore +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, subject to the terms +of the GNU General Public License, which includes the provision that the +entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. +@end ifinfo +@iftex +@c @smallbook +@c @cropmarks +@finalout +@setchapternewpage odd +@settitle Cygnus C Support Library, Full +@titlepage +@title The Cygnus C Support Library +@subtitle Full Configuration +@sp 1 +@subtitle @code{libc} 1.4 +@subtitle May 1993 +@author {Steve Chamberlain} +@author {Roland Pesch} +@author {Cygnus Support} +@page + +@tex +{\parskip=0pt +sac@@cygnus.com, pesch@@cygnus.com\hfill {\it The Cygnus C Support Library}\par +Copyright \copyright{} 1992, 1993 Cygnus Support +} +\global\parindent=0pt % Steve likes it this way +@end tex + +@file{libc} includes software developed by the +University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. + +@file{libc} includes software developed by Martin Jackson, Graham Haley +and Steve Chamberlain of Tadpole Technology and released to Cygnus. + +@file{libc} uses floating point converstion software developed at AT&T, +which includes this copyright information: + +@cartouche +@quotation +The author of this software is David M. Gay. + +Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T. + +Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any +purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice +is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy +or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting +documentation for such software. + +THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED +WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY +REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY +OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. +@end quotation +@end cartouche + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of +this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice +are preserved on all copies. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, subject to the terms +of the GNU General Public License, which includes the provision that the +entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. +@end titlepage +@end iftex + +@ifinfo +@node Top +@top The Cygnus C Support Library + +@c The menu contents depend on the configuration, so we include them +@c as a separate file + +@c switch to set SIGNALS on or off, according to whether config picks up +@c signal subdirectory: +@include sigset.texi + +@menu +* Stdlib:: +* Ctype:: +* Stdio:: +* Strings:: +@ifset SIGNALS +* Signals:: +@end ifset + +* Timefns:: +* Locale:: +* Syscalls:: +* Misc:: +* Arglists:: +* Reentrancy:: +* Library Index:: +@end menu +@end ifinfo + +@include targetdep.tex + +@node Arglists +@chapter Variable Argument Lists + +The @code{printf} family of functions is defined to accept a variable +number of arguments, rather than a fixed argument list. You can define +your own functions with a variable argument list, by using macro +definitions from either @file{stdarg.h} (for compatibility with ANSI C) +or from @file{varargs.h} (for compatibility with a popular convention +prior to ANSI C). + +@menu +* Stdarg:: +* Varargs:: +@end menu + +@node Stdarg +@section ANSI-standard macros, @file{stdarg.h} + +In ANSI C, a function has a variable number of arguments when its +parameter list ends in an ellipsis (@code{...}). The parameter list +must also include at least one explicitly named argument; that argument +is used to initialize the variable list data structure. + +ANSI C defines three macros (@code{va_start}, @code{va_arg}, and +@code{va_end}) to operate on variable argument lists. @file{stdarg.h} +also defines a special type to represent variable argument lists: this +type is called @code{va_list}. + +@menu +* va_start:: +* va_arg:: +* va_end:: +@end menu + +@page +@node va_start +@subsection Initialize variable argument list +@findex va_start +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <stdarg.h> +void va_start(va_list @var{ap}, @var{rightmost}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +Use @code{va_start} to initialize the variable argument list @var{ap}, +so that @code{va_arg} can extract values from it. @var{rightmost} is +the name of the last explicit argument in the parameter list (the +argument immediately preceding the ellipsis @samp{...} that flags +variable arguments in an ANSI C function header). You can only use +@code{va_start} in a function declared using this ellipsis notation +(not, for example, in one of its subfunctions). + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_start} does not return a result. + +@strong{Portability}@* +ANSI C requires @code{va_start}. + +@page +@node va_arg +@subsection Extract a value from argument list +@findex va_arg +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <stdarg.h> +@var{type} va_arg(va_list @var{ap}, @var{type}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +@code{va_arg} returns the next unprocessed value from a variable +argument list @var{ap} (which you must previously create with +@var{va_start}). Specify the type for the value as the second parameter +to the macro, @var{type}. + +You may pass a @code{va_list} object @var{ap} to a subfunction, and use +@code{va_arg} from the subfunction rather than from the function +actually declared with an ellipsis in the header; however, in that case +you may @emph{only} use @code{va_arg} from the subfunction. ANSI C does +not permit extracting successive values from a single variable-argument +list from different levels of the calling stack. + +There is no mechanism for testing whether there is actually a next +argument available; you might instead pass an argument count (or some +other data that implies an argument count) as one of the fixed arguments +in your function call. + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_arg} returns the next argument, an object of type @var{type}. + +@strong{Portability}@* +ANSI C requires @code{va_arg}. + +@page +@node va_end +@subsection Abandon a variable argument list +@findex va_end +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <stdarg.h> +void va_end(va_list @var{ap}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +Use @code{va_end} to declare that your program will not use the variable +argument list @var{ap} any further. + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_end} does not return a result. + +@strong{Portability}@* +ANSI C requires @code{va_end}. + +@node Varargs +@section Traditional macros, @file{varargs.h} + +If your C compiler predates ANSI C, you may still be able to use +variable argument lists using the macros from the @file{varargs.h} +header file. These macros resemble their ANSI counterparts, but have +important differences in usage. In particular, since traditional C has +no declaration mechanism for variable argument lists, two additional +macros are provided simply for the purpose of defining functions with +variable argument lists. + +As with @file{stdarg.h}, the type @code{va_list} is used to hold a data +structure representing a variable argument list. + +@menu +* va_alist:: +* va_start-trad:: +* va_arg-trad:: +* va_end-trad:: +@end menu + +@page +@node va_alist +@subsection Declare variable arguments +@findex va_alist +@findex va_dcl +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <varargs.h> +@var{function}(va_alist) +va_dcl +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +To use the @file{varargs.h} version of variable argument lists, you must +declare your function with a call to the macro @code{va_alist} as its +argument list, and use @code{va_dcl} as the declaration. @emph{Do not +use a semicolon after @code{va_dcl}.} + +@strong{Returns}@* +These macros cannot be used in a context where a return is syntactically +possible. + +@strong{Portability}@* +@var{va_alist} and @var{va_dcl} were the most widespread method of +declaring variable argument lists prior to ANSI C. + +@page +@node va_start-trad +@subsection Initialize variable argument list +@findex va_start +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <varargs.h> +va_list @var{ap}; +va_start(@var{ap}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +With the @file{varargs.h} macros, use @code{va_start} to initialize a +data structure @var{ap} to permit manipulating a variable argument list. +@var{ap} must have the type @var{va_alist}. + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_start} does not return a result. + +@strong{Portability}@* +@code{va_start} is also defined as a macro in ANSI C, but the +definitions are incompatible; the ANSI version has another parameter +besides @var{ap}. + +@page +@node va_arg-trad +@subsection Extract a value from argument list +@findex va_arg +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <varargs.h> +@var{type} va_arg(va_list @var{ap}, @var{type}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +@code{va_arg} returns the next unprocessed value from a variable +argument list @var{ap} (which you must previously create with +@var{va_start}). Specify the type for the value as the second parameter +to the macro, @var{type}. + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_arg} returns the next argument, an object of type @var{type}. + +@strong{Portability}@* +The @code{va_arg} defined in @file{varargs.h} has the same syntax and +usage as the ANSI C version from @file{stdarg.h}. + +@page +@node va_end-trad +@subsection Abandon a variable argument list +@findex va_end +@strong{Synopsis} +@example +#include <varargs.h> +va_end(va_list @var{ap}); +@end example + +@strong{Description}@* +Use @code{va_end} to declare that your program will not use the variable +argument list @var{ap} any further. + +@strong{Returns}@* +@code{va_end} does not return a result. + +@strong{Portability}@* +The @code{va_end} defined in @file{varargs.h} has the same syntax and +usage as the ANSI C version from @file{stdarg.h}. + +@node Library Index +@unnumbered Index +@printindex cp + +@tex +% I think something like @colophon should be in texinfo. In the +% meantime: +\long\def\colophon{\hbox to0pt{}\vfill +\centerline{The body of this manual is set in} +\centerline{\fontname\tenrm,} +\centerline{with headings in {\bf\fontname\tenbf}} +\centerline{and examples in {\tt\fontname\tentt}.} +\centerline{{\it\fontname\tenit\/} and} +\centerline{{\sl\fontname\tensl\/}} +\centerline{are used for emphasis.}\vfill} +\page\colophon +% Blame: pesch@cygnus.com, 28mar91. +@end tex + +@contents +@bye + + |